Isoleucine is both a glucogenic and a ketogenic amino acid. Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase).Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include: In plants and microorganisms, isoleucine is synthesized from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate. It is encoded by the codons AUU, AUC, and AUA. In plants and bacteria, isoleucine is synthesized from pyruvate employing leucine biosynthesis enzymes. In plants isoleucine can be synthesized from threonine and methionine. Essential amino acids are necessary in our diet. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it. It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), branched-chain, aliphatic amino acid. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH + 3 form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO − form under biological conditions), and a hydrocarbon side chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three other carbon atoms). Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Isoleucyl uses of azino